Multiple Sclerosis is the condition characterized by inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). It is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to inflammation and damage. This process disrupts communication between the brain and other parts of the body, resulting in a variety of neurological symptoms, including muscle weakness, coordination problems, and sensory disturbances.
The condition is specifically associated with the demyelination of nerve fibers in both the brain and spinal cord, which are all components of the central nervous system. As such, the inflammatory process primarily occurs within the CNS, as opposed to other conditions that may involve different systems or have systemic effects.
In contrast, the other options are not defined by CNS inflammation. Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, Tuberculosis can affect the CNS if it spreads, but it's primarily known as an infectious disease, and Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling inorganic dust. These conditions do not focus on inflammation of the CNS like Multiple Sclerosis does.