What disease is characterized by inflammation in the lungs, often due to infection?

Pneumonia is recognized as an inflammatory condition of the lungs primarily caused by an infection from various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It typically presents with symptoms such as cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing, as the inflammation affects the alveoli, leading to fluid accumulation, which hampers gas exchange.

Understanding the characteristics of pneumonia is critical for identifying its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. In contrast, bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes and can be either acute or chronic, but it may not necessarily be due to an infection. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by the destruction of alveoli and is primarily associated with long-term smoking rather than inflammation due to infection. Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by airway hyperreactivity and inflammation but does not primarily stem from infectious causes.

Thus, pneumonia stands out as the disease that prominently features lung inflammation resulting from infections, making it the correct answer.