What is the medical term for a tumor or new growth?

The term "neoplasm" refers to a tumor or new growth of tissue that arises from abnormal cell proliferation. This can encompass a wide variety of growths, which can be benign or malignant. The overarching definition of neoplasm applies to any new and abnormal formation of tissue in the body, which is why it is considered the correct answer.

In contrast, "carcinoma" specifically describes a type of cancer that originates in the epithelial cells, meaning it is a subtype of neoplasm that is malignant. "Fibroma," on the other hand, is a specific type of benign neoplasm that arises from fibrous connective tissue. Similarly, "adenoma" refers to a benign tumor that develops from glandular tissue. Both fibromas and adenomas are specific forms of neoplasms, highlighting that "neoplasm" is the broader and more inclusive term for any type of tumor or new growth without specifying whether it is benign or malignant.