What is the term for an incomplete expansion or collapsed lung?

Atelectasis is the term used to describe an incomplete expansion or collapse of the lung. This condition occurs when alveoli, the small air sacs in the lungs, become deflated or filled with fluid, preventing them from functioning properly and leading to a decrease in the overall surface area available for gas exchange. Atelectasis can result from various causes, including blockages of the airways, pressure from surrounding structures, or after surgery, especially in patients who may have difficulty taking deep breaths post-operatively.

Understanding atelectasis is essential in pathology and pulmonary medicine because it can affect oxygenation and overall respiratory function. It can manifest as localized areas of the lung being affected, which may lead to further complications like pneumonia if not addressed, as the area becomes more susceptible to infection. Therefore, recognizing the signs and symptoms of atelectasis is critical for timely intervention and management in clinical practice.