What is the therapeutic focus for patients with rheumatic heart disease?

The therapeutic focus for patients with rheumatic heart disease primarily centers on antibiotic therapy, particularly the use of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrent rheumatic fever, which can further damage the heart valves. This disease often arises from complications of untreated streptococcal throat infections, leading to inflammation in the heart and potential long-term valve damage.

Administering antibiotics, especially penicillin, serves to effectively eliminate any streptococcal bacteria that could trigger a new episode of rheumatic fever. This preventive approach is critical for individuals who have a history of rheumatic fever, as recurrent infections can exacerbate heart damage and promote the progression of rheumatic heart disease.

While other treatments might play a role in managing symptoms or complications related to the disease—such as managing blood pressure, considering surgery for valve repair or replacement in more advanced cases, or addressing lifestyle factors such as diet—antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of management to prevent further deterioration and serious complications resulting from the condition.