What underlying problem is indicated by the presence of plaque in arterial walls?

The presence of plaque in arterial walls is indicative of a process called atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, inflammatory cells, and other substances in the arterial walls. As plaque accumulates, it narrows the arterial lumen, leading to reduced blood flow through the vessel. This obstruction can significantly hinder the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs, potentially resulting in ischemia or infarction if the blood flow is severely restricted.

While options related to oxygenation issues, hemorrhage, and increased calcium absorption might involve conditions associated with plaque, they do not directly represent the primary consequence of plaque formation in arteries. Reduced blood flow directly correlates with the mechanical impact of the presence of plaque, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.