Which cellular structure assists in the packaging and transport of proteins?

The Golgi Apparatus is the cellular structure primarily responsible for the packaging and transport of proteins. Once proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to the Golgi Apparatus, where they undergo further modifications. This organelle sorts and packages these proteins into vesicles, which can then be directed to various destinations, either inside or outside the cell.

The function of the Golgi Apparatus includes adding carbohydrate moieties to proteins (glycosylation), which is essential for their function and stability. It ensures that proteins are correctly modified and sorted before being sent to their final location, whether that is for secretion out of the cell or for use within various organelles.

Other cellular structures, while playing critical roles in overall cellular function, do not specifically focus on the packaging and transport of proteins. For instance, the nucleus is primarily involved in storing genetic information and coordinating cellular activities, while the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in synthesizing proteins and lipids but does not package or transport them. The cytoplasm serves as the site for various cellular processes but does not have a dedicated role in the transport of proteins like the Golgi Apparatus does.