Which type of anemia involves red blood cells that are sickle-shaped due to an abnormal hemoglobin molecule?

Sickle Cell Anemia is characterized by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin molecule known as hemoglobin S. In this condition, red blood cells become rigid and sickle-shaped, particularly under low oxygen conditions. This abnormal shape leads to various complications, including blockages in small blood vessels, chronic pain episodes, and potential organ damage due to reduced blood flow. The sickling effect is a direct consequence of the mutation in the hemoglobin gene, which causes the red blood cells to deform when they release oxygen. This distinct feature of sickle-shaped cells is pivotal for diagnosing the condition, making Sickle Cell Anemia the correct answer to the question.