Which type of heart disease commonly results from hardened arteries?

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is primarily characterized by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis, a condition in which plaque builds up on the artery walls, leading to hardening of the arteries. This process reduces blood flow to the heart muscle, potentially causing angina (chest pain) or leading to more serious events such as heart attacks. The relationship between hardened arteries and CAD is well-documented; as a person ages or develops risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking, the likelihood of plaque accumulation and arterial hardening increases, making this type of heart disease prevalent in affected individuals.

Other options mentioned do not directly relate to the hardening of arteries in the same specific manner. Hypertensive Heart Disease, for instance, primarily results from prolonged high blood pressure and affects the heart muscle's size and function rather than the arteries themselves. Myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord and does not involve heart disease. An aneurysm, while it can be related to arterial issues, specifically involves a localized dilation of an artery rather than the systemic condition of artery hardening that characterizes CAD.